The Cão Fila de São Miguel, also known as the Saint Miguel Cattle Dog, is a herding breed native to the Azores Island of Portugal.
In this article, we will explore the history, physical characteristics, temperament, and health of the unique and powerful Cão Fila de São Miguel.
A Brief History of the Cão Fila de São Miguel
Origins in the Azores
The Cão Fila de São Miguel has been present in the Azores since the 16th century. The Azores are a group of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean and are a part of Portugal.
The breed was originally used as a cattle herding dog and also served as a guard dog and companion to the farmers who owned them.
As the Azores were a remote and isolated archipelago, the breed developed in relative isolation from other dog breeds. This isolation allowed the Cão Fila de São Miguel to develop unique physical and behavioral characteristics.
The Breed’s Role in Azorean Life
The Cão Fila de São Miguel played an important role in Azorean life for centuries and was considered a valuable asset to any farmer. The breed was developed to be strong, independent, and fearless.
Additionally, their intelligence and loyalty made them excellent guardians of both livestock and property. The isolation and development made the breed well-suited to the harsh terrain and inclement weather of the islands.
Recognition and Preservation Efforts
Despite the breed’s long history and importance to Azorean culture, it was not until 1984 that it was officially recognized by the Portuguese Kennel Club. Since then, efforts have been made to preserve and promote the breed, both in Portugal and internationally.
One of the challenges in preserving the breed is its rarity. As the Cão Fila de São Miguel was developed in isolation and was primarily used for working purposes, it was not bred for appearance or popularity. This has resulted in a relatively small gene pool and a limited number of breeders.
Physical Characteristics of the Cão Fila de São Miguel
Size and Build
The Cão Fila de São Miguel is a medium to large-sized dog, standing 19 to 24 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing between 44 to 77 pounds. Females are typically smaller than males, both in height and weight.
The breed is well-muscled, and its strong build reflects its history as a working dog. Despite its muscular build, the Cão Fila de São Miguel is known for its agility and speed.
This makes it an excellent hunting dog, capable of chasing and catching prey with ease. The strong legs and powerful chest allow it to navigate through rough terrain and swim in water bodies with ease.
Coat and Color
This breed has a short and dense coat, which comes in shades of fawn, gray, black, and brindle. Some dogs may also have white markings on the chin, forehead, chest, and feet.
The Cão Fila de São Miguel’s coat is low-maintenance, requiring only occasional brushing to remove loose hair. Its short coat also makes it well-suited to warmer climates, as it does not retain heat as much as longer-haired breeds.
Distinctive Facial Features
The Cão Fila de São Miguel has distinctive facial features, which include a strong jaw and prominent nose. The breed’s ears are triangular and erect, and its eyes are typically dark brown or black.
These facial features give the Cão Fila de São Miguel a confident and intimidating appearance, which is useful in its role as a guard dog. However, despite its tough exterior, the breed is also known for its loyalty and affection towards its family.
Temperament and Personality Traits
Loyalty and Protective Instincts
The Cão Fila de São Miguel is a breed that has been developed to be fiercely loyal to its family and to have strong protective instincts. This dog is a natural guardian and will do whatever it takes to ensure the safety of those it loves.
However, the Cão Fila de São Miguel can be reserved around strangers, and early socialization is essential to prevent shyness or aggression. Socialization should begin at an early age and should be continued throughout the dog’s life.
Intelligence and Trainability
The Cão Fila de São Miguel is an intelligent breed that is quick to learn and can be trained to do a variety of tasks. However, these dogs are also independent and can be stubborn at times, so a confident and consistent approach is necessary.
Positive reinforcement techniques are often recommended for this breed, as they respond well to rewards and praise. Training should begin at an early age and should be consistent and ongoing.
The Cão Fila de São Miguel thrives on mental stimulation, and activities such as obedience training, agility courses, or scent work can be great ways to keep these dogs entertained and engaged.
Energy Levels and Exercise Needs
The Cão Fila de São Miguel is a high-energy breed that requires plenty of exercise. Daily walks, runs, or play sessions are necessary to meet the breed’s exercise needs.
The Cão Fila de São Miguel also thrives on mental stimulation, and activities such as obedience training, agility courses, or scent work can be great ways to keep these dogs entertained and engaged.
It is important to note that the Cão Fila de São Miguel is not suitable for apartment living and requires a large yard to run and play in. Members of the breed also enjoy swimming and other outdoor activities.
Health and Lifespan of the Cão Fila de São Miguel
Common Health Issues
As with all breeds, the Cão Fila de São Miguel is susceptible to certain health issues. Some of the most common issues seen in this breed include:
- Hip Dysplasia: An orthopedic condition manifesting with pain and mobility issues due to a misfit of the two bones forming the hip joint
- Elbow Dysplasia: An orthopedic condition manifesting with pain and mobility issues due to a misfit of the three bones forming the elbow joint
- Bloat: GDV (Gastric dilatation and volvulus) or bloat occurs in deep-chested breeds when the stomach fills with gas, bloats, and twists on itself
Diet and Nutrition
The Cão Fila de São Miguel requires a nutritious diet that is tailored to its specific needs. Feeding the right amount of high-quality dog food, and avoiding snacks and table scraps, will help to keep this breed at a healthy weight and prevent other health issues.
Life Expectancy
With proper care and attention, the Cão Fila de São Miguel typically lives between 12 and 14 years.
Conclusion
Overall, the Cão Fila de São Miguel is a unique and fascinating breed. Its rich history, distinctive physical features, and loyal temperament make it a great choice for those who are willing to put in the effort.
Whether you are looking for a working dog, a loyal companion, or a guardian for your property, the Cão Fila de São Miguel may be the perfect dog for you.
